Operating a quantum computer requires extensive classical computing resources due to the numerous measurements and control operations involved. Therefore, a sophisticated software stack is essential to manage the flow of information between quantum and classical computing systems. While users can operate quantum hardware directly by defining specific commands, most prefer to focus on algorithm development instead of the intricate hardware-level details.
IBM’s Jay Gambetta highlighted the complexity of managing quantum hardware: “If everyone’s got to know the noise, use performance management tools, and compile a quantum circuit, then they need to become experts in too many areas to develop algorithms effectively.” To simplify this process, companies are building software that transforms abstract quantum algorithms into the commands needed for execution.
IBM’s Quantum Computing SoftwareÂ
IBM developed the software solution Qiskit to control quantum hardware and made it open source, allowing other companies to adopt it. Recently, IBM announced new developments regarding Qiskit, including benchmarking it against other software stacks and opening it up for third-party modules. Before delving into these updates, it’s essential to understand the role of a software stack in quantum computing.
Role of the Quantum Software Stack
It’s tempting to compare IBM’s Qiskit to a classical computer compiler. At a fundamental level, this comparison works, as Qiskit takes algorithms defined by developers and converts them into executable commands for quantum hardware. However, there are crucial differences in the details.
A classical compiler generates code that the computer’s processor interprets and uses to configure its hardware to execute operations. Even when using machine language, programmers don’t have direct control over the specific hardware, such as which processor or execution unit carries out the instructions. The sequence in which operations are executed is also beyond the programmer’s direct control.
In quantum computing, Qiskit serves a similar purpose but with added complexity. The algorithm must manage quantum-specific requirements like noise management and error correction while ensuring that it translates effectively into commands the quantum processor can execute.
Recent Developments in Qiskit
IBM recently opened Qiskit to third-party modules, allowing for more flexibility and expansion in the quantum computing ecosystem. This move could accelerate algorithm development by enabling developers to utilize specialized third-party tools and modules, fostering broader collaboration and innovation within the quantum computing community. Additionally, IBM benchmarked Qiskit against other quantum software stacks, demonstrating its capabilities and performance advantages.
